Paper 1

Japan

Causes of Expansion
- Impact of Japanese nationalism and militarism on Foreign Policy
- Japan domestic issues: political, social, economic; impact on foreign policy
- Political instability in China
Events and responses
- Japanese invasion of Manchuria & Northern China (1931)
- League of Nations and the Lytton Report
Sino-Japanese War (1937-1941)
- Political developments within China
- The Second United Front
Tripartite Pact
- Outbreak of war
- Pearl Harbour (1941)
- International response; US initiatives, tensions between US and Japan

Italy & Mussolini

Causes of expansion
- Impact of Fascism on the foreign policy of Italy
- Impact of domestic economic, political, & social issues on foreign policy
Events
- Italian expansion
- Abyssinia (1935-36)
- Albania
- Entry into the Second World War
Response
- International response to Italian aggression

Germany & Hitler

Causes of expansion
- Impact of Nazism on German foreign policy
- Impact of domestic issues on German foreign policy
Events
- German challenges to the post-war settlements (1933-38)
- German expansion (1938-39)
- Pact of Steel, Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, outbreak of war
Response
- International response to German aggression (1933-38)
- International response to German and Italian aggression (1940)

Paper 3 - HL

World War One

European diplomacy 1871-1900
- Imperial expansion in Africa and Asia; impact on European diplomacy
- Congress of Berlin & European alliance system
Foreign Policy of Kaiser Wilhelm II
- Domestic conditions that affected foreign policy
- Influence on other countries (Britain, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary)
Causes of the war
- Short & Long term, relative importance of the causes
- The alliance system
- Decline of the Ottoman empire
- German foreign policy
- MAIN causes
- Arms race, diplomatic crisis, July Crisis
Factors leading to the defeat of Germany and the central powers
- Strategic errors, economic factors, entry & role of the USA, domestic instability
Impact of the war
- Impact on the civilian populations of two major nations in the region between 1914 and 1918
Paris peace treaties
- Versailles, Trianon, Saint Germain, Sevres/Lausanne
- Aims, issues, & responses
League of Nations & Europe
- Successes & failures
- Search for collective security
- Developments in Europe

Italy & Mussolini

Rise of Mussolini
- Rise to power and consolidation of power
- Mussolini’s pre-war domestic policies
- Economic, social, political policies, nature of the Fascist state
Italian foreign policy 1919-1941
- Aims, issues, & extent of success

Spain

Germany & Hitler

Weimar Germany
- Constitutional, political, economic/financial, & social issues (1918-1933)
- Initial challenges (1918-1923)
- “Golden Era” under Stresemann (1924-1929)
- The Crisis Years and the rise of Hitler (1929-1933)
Hitler’s Germany
- Consolidation of power
- Hitler’s pre-war domestic policies; economic, social, & political
- Nature of the Nazi state
- The extent of resistant to the Nazis
German foreign policy (1919-1941)
- Aims, issues, extent of success
Collective security & appeasement (1914-1941)
- Aims, issues, extent of success
- Role of French, British, & Russian foreign policy
- Chamberlain and the Munich crisis
Causes of the Second World War & the development of European conflict (1939-1941)

World War One

Causes of the war
- Economic, political, territorial, social causes
- Domestic conditions
Mobilization
- Mobilization of human & Economic resources
- Extent of mobilization in each country
Technological developments
- Land, air, sea, tactics
Peacemaking
- Successes and failures of peacemaking
- Territorial changes
- Long & short term impact
- Economic, political, social, demographic impacts
Changes in the role and status of women

Spanish Civil War

Causes of war
- Economic, political, ideological, social, etc. causes of the war
- Short & long term causes
The Spanish Civil War
- Tactics
- International involvement, influence, resources
- Mobilization of human and economic resources
Impact of war
- Short & long term
- Economic, political, social, demographic impact
- Change in the role and status of women

Germany & Hitler

Emergence of authoritarian states
- Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged
- Economic, social, political factors
- Impact of war
- Methods used to establish authoritarian states; persuasion & coercion, use of propaganda, role of leaders, use of force, ideology
Consolidation and maintenance of power
- Use of legal methods, force, charismatic leadership, propaganda
- Nature, extent, and treatment of opposition
- Impact, successes, and failures of foreign policy on the consolidation of power
Aims and results of policies
- Aims and impact of domestic economic, social, cultural, & political policy
- Impact on women and ethnic minorities
- Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved

Chinese Civil War

Causes
- Economic, ideological, political, social, etc
- short & long term causes
Practices & impact on outcome
Influence of foreign powers
Outcome of war
- Political, social, demographic, economic
- Short & long term
- Changes in the role & status of women

Mao

Emergence of authoritarian states
- Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged
- Economic, political, social, war impact factors
- Methods used; persuasion and coercion, role of leaders, ideology, use of force, propaganda
Consolidation and Maintenance of power
- Use of legal methods, use of force, charismatic leadership, propaganda
- Nature, extent, and treatment of opposition
- Impact of successes and failures of foreign policy on maintenance of power
Aims and results of policies
- Aims and impacts of domestic economic, political, social, and cultural policies
- Impact on women and minorities
- Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved

Algerian War